Wilderness First Aid Fundamentals
Understanding basic first aid can make the difference between a minor incident and a major emergency in the wilderness.
The ABCs of First Aid
"Airway,
A – Airway: Ensure the airway is clear and open
B – Breathing: Check for normal breathing
C – Circulation: Check for pulse and control bleeding
Wound Care
Proper wound care prevents infection and promotes healing:
- Clean the wound with water or antiseptic
- Apply pressure to stop bleeding
- Cover with sterile dressing
- Secure with tape or bandage
- Monitor for signs of infection
Always wear gloves when treating wounds to prevent infection transmission. If gloves aren’t available, use plastic bags or other barriers.
Common Injuries
"Sprains
Remember R.I.C.E:
- Rest: Stop activity immediately
- Ice: Apply cold compress (20 minutes on/off)
- Compression: Use elastic bandage
- Elevation: Raise above heart level
"Fractures"
Signs: Deformity, swelling, inability to move
Treatment:
- Immobilize the injury
- Do not attempt to realign
- Splint above and below the break
- Evacuate for medical care
"When
Seek immediate medical attention for: severe bleeding, suspected fractures, head injuries, chest pain, difficulty breathing, or any condition that worsens despite first aid.